Journal of the Korean Geographical Society ISSN:1225-6633(Print) 대한지리학회지

This study named 'dual cities' for cities that cover both economically flourishing new city and declining old city due to the construction of the new city. To determine the intensity of duality, a‘centrality dispersion index’ is proposed, which is defined as the value of the largest number of service industry businesses per 1 ㎢ grid in the new city compared to the old city. This index is indicating how much the economic centrality of the old city has shifted to the new city. Based on 68 small cities with a 2021 population of 20-100 thousands, it was found that population of the new city requires at least 3 times that of the old city to make the total number of businesses between the two cities to be similar, and 5 times to make the number of businesses in the most developed areas to be similar. Also, by considering the dualization longitudinally, there were 37 areas which were less dualized than expected and 31 being more. In specific, old cities were revitalized by international residents strong enough to offset the effects of new cities. This study has policy implications as it provides critical suggestions on how large-scale development to increase population can dualize cities, how international residents can have a fair impact on the revitalization of old cities, and also has academic implications as it contributes to the study of dual cities by using new research methods and viewing areas that got less attention so far.

Despite concerns about the damage from autumnal tropical storms, risk for these storms has not been quantitatively defined and thus the geographical distribution of risk is not available yet. This study employs a localized index of tropical storm activity, and tries to examine the geographical risk pattern of the autumnal tropical storms that local residents observe in the East Asian region. The regional risks are effectively captured by looking into the difference of the localized storm activity indexes between August and September. Results show that the autumnal risks become larger in most areas of East Asia, and the seasonal response appears highest around the Ryukyu Islands. In particular, Japan and Vietnam experience increasing tropical storm risks due to the higher number of stronger and slower cases. On the other hand, most coastal regions of China, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, the Korean Peninsula, and the Philippines suffer from larger risks as the intensified storms offset the reduced storm risks from the lower number of cases. The value of this study lies in the findings that provide background information which can help local residents make more reasonable and efficient decisions on mitigating the damage from autumnal tropical storms.

With the recent emergence of social issues related to regional development, the effectiveness of traditional development approaches based on regional land use is being questioned. These issues highlight the limitations of responding only to temporary development demands, failing to reflect the long-term and evolving needs of the region. Consequently, there is a growing demand for flexible regional development and management strategies that can dynamically respond to the diverse needs of newly emerging spaces. This study aims to identify the spatial needs of key stakeholders - tourists and residents - by comparing their spatial usage patterns in Jeju island. Utilizing navigation data, we estimated distance decay functions for both groups to measure changes in travel frequency relative to distance. Additionally, a network analysis was conducted to further examine the spatial utilization of both groups. The findings revealed that tourists are more sensitive to travel distances to tourism resources such as tourist attractions, dining and shopping facilities. Notably, tourists tend to consider a broader spatial range in their movements compared to residents. Based on degree and betweenness centrality, further indicated that despite having similar travel purposes, tourists and residents often choose different destinations. These findings underscore the need for flexible regional strategies that account for the distinct mobility patterns of tourists and residents, providing valuable insights for future development and planning.

This study employs relational approaches to explore how educational spaces for North Korean youth defectors are shaped by ‘migrant place-making’ in conjunction with South Korean residents. Focusing on eight alternative schools for North Koreans in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, the research investigates two main aspects through literature analysis and in-depth interviews: ① the interactions between South Koreans during the school establishment, and ② the adaptation strategies of the schools in response to existential threats. The findings reveal that, first, religious institutions played a crucial role in advocating for the establishment of the schools when government support was minimal. These institutions secured physical educational spaces through interactions with Metropolitan and Provincial Offices of Education as well as the Ministry of Education and Unification. Second, the schools have evolved in response to various challenges, including increased governmental support, a rise in the number of alternative schools in 2010s, and reduced student enrollment due to stricter border controls post-COVID-19 in 2020s. To navigate the challenges, the schools have adopted strategies such as seeking formal approval or operating as outsourced educational providers. This research enriches the discourse on migrant place-making by emphasizing the relational approaches within initial residents.

The primary objective of this study is to thoroughly examine the spatiotemporal variations in age-specific unidirectional migration in South Korea, based on a multi-scale research framework utilizing the age-specific migration effectiveness index (ASMEI). The main findings are as follows. First, the global ASMEI analysis revealed a distinctive pattern: high mobility and high unidirectionality in the 20-24 age group, low mobility but high unidirectionality in the 60-64 age group, and moderate mobility paired with extremely high unidirectionality in the 0-9 age group, coupled with the 35-39 age group. Second, the regional ASMEI analysis provided insights into the primary mechanisms driving age-specific migration unidirectionality. For the 0-4 age group, a centrifugal process from Seoul within the Capital Region and a concentration process toward major cities outside the Capital Region were identified as key drivers. For the 20-24 age group, a strong concentration process toward Seoul operating on a national scale was identified as the main driver. For the 60-64 age group, a strong centrifugal process from Seoul and other major cities toward rural areas nationwide was identified as the main driver. The Seoul-specific ASMEI analysis demonstrates Seoul's dominant role in South Korea's migration patterns. Most regions in South Korea are losing their 20-24-year-old population to Seoul, while gaining the 60-64-year-old population from Seoul. This study is considered to have scholarly significance in two key aspects: first, it demonstrates the importance of disaggregated research and the value of multi-scale analysis; second, it serves as a starting point for research on the impact of migration on changes in population structure.

Walking is recognized for its positive effects in various aspects such as promoting residents' health, serving as a green mode of transportation, and strengthening community ties. As the benefits of walking become more widely acknowledged, creating a pedestrian-friendly environment has become a crucial element in urban management. Consequently, objective and quantitative evaluations of the walking environment at the street level have become a key topic. While many previous studies have identified and specified factors affecting walking through field surveys or questionnaires, these studies were mostly limited to specific areas or particular groups of residents. Recent advancements in street view images provided by Internet portals such as Google, along with developments in deep learning technology, have made it possible to closely observe the urban built environment at a detailed street level. This study aims to assess the pedestrian environment at this detailed street level by utilizing street view images and deep learning technology. To achieve this, nine evaluation indicators were established across four categories: safety, convenience, comfort, and accessibility. Semantic segmentation techniques were applied to street view images, data crawling was conducted using APIs, and GIS-based analytical methods were employed to compile a dataset of pedestrian environment evaluation indicators and conduct a comprehensive assessment of the pedestrian environment. This study is significant in that it establishes a detailed and efficient framework for evaluating the pedestrian environment at the street level using street view images and deep learning technology. Additionally, its practical applicability was demonstrated by applying the framework to analyze and propose improvements for the pedestrian environment in the study area of Anyang City.

This article unravels the process by which the discourses and practices regarding gentrification and anti-gentrification are ambivalently produced and consumed. It specifically explores how the discourses and practices of (anti)gentrification intertwine with the ambivalent desire for development and preservation and continue to emerge in the incomplete paradigm shift from redevelopment to urban regeneration. By reviewing previous studies, media coverage, and government policies, the article confirms that the discourses and practices of gentrification inherently embody anti-gentrification as they reflect the ambivalence of (anti)gentrification. It further examines how urban regeneration projects, masquerading as anti-gentrification, simultaneously support gentrification. Analyzing this entanglement of (anti)gentrification and urban regeneration leads to a critical interpretation of the case of Seochon, Seoul. Consequently, despite reduced academic and social interest in gentrification following the COVID-19 pandemic, the article suggests that the ambivalent desire of (anti)gentrification keeps persisting in urban debates.