Journal of the Korean Geographical Society ISSN:1225-6633(Print) 대한지리학회지

Coastal dunes are formed by natural forces such as tides, waves, and wind, and provide important ecosystem services such as supporting biodiversity, mitigating natural hazards, and providing resources. Despite their ecological significance, coastal dunes are increasingly threatened worldwide by human activities such as development and agriculture, as well as extreme climate events like sea-level rise. This study reviews domestic and international research trends to derive suitable ecosystem service indicators for coastal dunes in Korea and suggests indicators that can be utilized by focusing on provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. It also discusses the applicability of payment for ecosystem services (PES) as an incentive for conservation, emphasizing the need for quantitative data and the importance of using them for policy making and public awareness. This study aims to contribute as a basis for integrated research and management strategies for the sustainable conservation and utilization of coastal dune ecosystems.

Eupchi [邑治] as county seats of Joseon Dynasty that lasted from the 14^th to the 19^th centuries represent traditional cities in the Korean Peninsula and are a valuable heritage as a Historic Urban Landscape(HUL) today. The purpose of this study is to explore the locational orientation of Eupchi, and an approach was taken by analyzing the relocation cases of Eupchi throughout the Joseon Dynasty. As a result of the study, the locational orientation of Eupchi can be divided into general principles at the national level and regional factors. The general principle at the national level was the geographical central location of a county, and major regional factors were topographical conditions that provided protection from disasters and calamities, safe and sufficient water and soil environments, environmental awareness related with Feng Shui[風水], and other factors. However, national principles worked consistently but were not applied rigidly, and regional factors operated complexly in conjunction with interests and power relations within the local communities. Meanwhile, the controversy over the relocation of Gwaksan-gun [郭山郡] and the case of Jinbo-hyeon [眞寶縣)] showed a sort of ‘the real version of location theory’ at another level. The locational orientation of Eupchi was not simple, and needs to be understood at the intersection of national generality, regional and historical context, dynamic relationships between subjects within each county, and, above all, the real situation faced by the people's lives.

This paper aims to expand the discussion of the state in geography by addressing two issues. First, it reviews studies that conceptualize the state as part of broader society, employing relational and disaggregated perspectives. This approach offers an alternative explanation of the ‘horizontal’ relationship between the state and society that has not been fully explored by the multiscalar approach, which equates the state with the capitalist developmental state, as well as the classical ‘state-society’ model, which emphasizes state autonomy and independence. Second, this paper methodologically examines archival research as a means of studying the state, aligning with the newly proposed theoretical approach. Archival research, distinct from interviews or participatory observations, fits well with the relational and disaggregated understanding of the state. Additionally, specfic techniques for acquiring archival data through Information Disclosure and the National Archives system may help to make archival research more concrete.

In this study, we proposed a methodology for constructing an integrated carbon map based on IPCC Guidelines. We selected seven sectors according to the IPCC inventory criteria where greenhouse gas emissions could be calculated. We computed greenhouse gas emissions for each sector by applying the IPCC guidelines, converted them to carbon emissions using global warming potential and mapped them into spatial distributions with a 100-meter grid resolution. The integrated carbon map revealed high concentrations of carbon emissions in urban areas with high building density and along major road networks, whereas regions with substantial forest cover demonstrated relatively high carbon absorption rates. Using spatial autocorrelation indices, we identified hotspots and coldspots to analyze the spatial concentration of carbon emissions. Analysis of key factors in hotspot formation showed that the building sector had the most significant impact, while the forest sector acted as the primary factor in coldspot formation. The integrated carbon map presented in this study provides empirical evidence for identifying priority management sectors when establishing region-specific carbon reduction strategies.

Traditionally, Jeju Haenyeo’s labor reproduction has been carried out in the community sector based on matrilineal succession. However, as the labor reproduction function at the community level gradually disappeared, two private Haenyeo schools in Jeju are now playing a key role in carrying out this function. However, the number of Jeju Haenyeo is rapidly decreasing every year, and the labor reproduction issue is emerging as a key to determine the social and economic sustainability of Jeju Haenyeo culture. This study analyzed the factors that have led to the current crisis in Jeju Haenyeo’s labor reproduction, focusing on the structural and institutional aspects, especially the role of two Jeju Haenyeo schools, through in-depth interviews with relevant parties. The main results of the study are as follows. First, the labor reproduction crisis of Jeju Haenyeo is the result of a mixture of structural factors that are difficult to limit to the problem of labor reproduction subjects, such as income decrease due to climate change and outsider intrusion into shared assets, and institutional factors related to Haenyeo schools. As a key player in the reproduction of Jeju Haenyeo labor force, Haenyeo School has inherent obstacles that affect labor force reproduction in each stage from the admission stage → education stage → graduation stage. At the admission stage, a ‘recommendation letter from the fishing village’ has a significant impact on admission as a prerequisite or additional point for admission, which acts as a burden and entry barrier for aspiring Haenyeo. In addition, the heterogeneity of reasons for admission is a factor that makes it difficult for students with weak social capital in the Jeju region to form social networks. New Haenyeo who graduated from Haenyeo School and became employed as Haenyeo in the fishing village pointed out that in order to quickly and effectively adapt to Haenyeo life, practical classes and internship periods should be expanded in the curriculum of Haenyeo School. Finally, at the graduation stage, the closed nature of the Haenyeo community acts as an entry barrier that prevents new Haenyeo from entering the workforce, which was revealed to be the biggest obstacle in the reproduction of Jeju Haenyeo labor force.

The household refers to a unit or a group of people with a common livelihood. This is the basic unit for establishing various public policies or estimating housing demands. The household characteristics continuously change as the structure of households varies over time. Therefore, it is very important but difficult to predict accurately household projections. In particular, household projection in small areas administered by local governments is essential for making regional plans and policies. However, it is still difficult to produce projections in small areas due to the complexity of estimation, it has only been produced nationwide at the city and province level. In this context, this study developed the LSTM model based on deep learning and attempted to forecast households in districts of Seoul for 2025~2045. The multivariate LSTM model, can produce estimates simultaneously considering the population change related to households and the spatial change of residential environments. As a result of the analysis, the LSTM showed an excellent predictive performance in forecasting the number of households by the structure of households by district. Also, projection results for the future appeared similar patterns compared with household projection results from Statistics Korea. This study contributes to a new methodological framework for estimating household projections in small areas. Also, reliable empirical results will be utilized to make regionally optimized plans and policies.