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Research Article

The Meaning and Role of Care Space in the Reconfiguration of Care Labor: A Case Study of Paid Domestic Work in Jakarta, Indonesia

돌봄 노동의 재구성에서 돌봄 공간의 의미와 역할 - 인도네시아 자카르타 임금 계약 가사 노동을 중심으로 -

Junyoung Parka*
박 준영a*
aPhD. Candidate, Department of Geography, Seoul National University
a서울대학교 지리학과, 박사 수료
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2025. pp. 306-319
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Abstract

This study analyzes the meaning and role of care spaces in the reconfiguration of informality and formalization within care labor, focusing on the case of paid domestic labor in Jakarta, Indonesia. Previous research often frames informality as the primary cause of precarity and promotes formalization as the normative solution to ensure decent work. This study critically engages with such binary logic and adopts the perspective of care geography to analyze the spatial dynamics and everyday practices of care actors. The home is conceptualized as a multi-space setting that simultaneously functions as a private space of intimacy and a public space where waged care labor takes place. Findings reveal that informality can cause conflict and harm in care relationships, prompting formalization as a proposed remedy. Yet, reciprocal informal ties persist, and rigid formalization can deepen precarity. These dynamics unfold through care actors’ perceptions and practices in navigating care spaces. Rather than fixed opposites, informality and formalization emerge as fluid and intertwined processes. This study contributes to care labor literature by offering a more nuanced understanding of how these processes are shaped by spatial contexts and lived experiences, moving beyond simplistic dichotomies in the analysis of domestic work.

Keywords
Care work
Care space
Indonesia
Jakarta
Informality

본 연구는 인도네시아 자카르타의 임금 계약 가사 노동을 사례로, 돌봄 노동의 비공식성과 공식화의 재구성에서 돌봄 공간의 의미와 역할을 분석한다. 본 연구에서는 임금 계약 가사 노동을 돌봄 노동의 범주에서 논의하는데, 기존 돌봄 노동 연구는 비공식성을 불안정성의 주요 원인으로 보고, 공식화를 통해 양질의 노동을 실현해야 한다는 이분법적이고 당위론적인 접근을 취해왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 관점을 비판적으로 검토하고, 돌봄 지리학의 시각에서 돌봄 공간의 다층적 의미와 돌봄 행위자의 실천을 분석한다. 특히 돌봄 공간으로서 집이 친밀성과 휴식의 사적 공간이자 임금 계약 노동이 이루어지는 공적 공간이라는 점에 주목하여, 이를 다중공간으로 해석한다. 분석 결과, 자카르타의 돌봄 노동에서 비공식성은 돌봄 관계 내 갈등과 피해의 원인이 되며, 이를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 공식화가 제안되고 추진된다. 그러나 동시에, 비공식성에 기반한 호혜적 관계도 형성‧유지되며, 경직된 공식화는 오히려 불안정성을 심화시킬 수 있다. 이러한 관계의 재구성은 돌봄 공간에 대한 돌봄 행위자의 인식과 실천을 통해 이루어지며, 비공식성과 공식화는 불안정 노동이나 양질의 노동과 단순히 일대일로 연결되지 않고, 복합적으로 교차한다. 본 연구는 돌봄 지리학의 관점을 통해, 돌봄 노동의 이분법적 구도를 넘어(비)공식성과 노동 조건 간 복합적이고 다층적인 연결을 관계를 보다 정교하게 이해할 수 있는 관점을 제시한다.

키워드
돌봄 노동
돌봄 공간
인도네시아
자카르타
비공식성
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geographical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지리학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한지리학회지
  • Volume : 60
  • No :3
  • Pages :306-319
  • Received Date : 2025-04-29
  • Revised Date : 2025-05-31
  • Accepted Date : 2025-06-02
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22776/kgs.2025.60.3.306
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