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Research Article

Spatial Sustainability and the Application of Social-Ecological Systems Framework in the Korean DMZ Area

DMZ 일원의 공간적 지속가능성과 사회-생태 시스템 프레임워크의 적용방안에 관한 고찰

Hoonchong Yia*
이 훈종a*
aResearch Professor, Institute for Korean Regional Studies, Seoul National University, Researcher, Asia Center, Seoul National University
a서울대학교 국토문제연구소 학술연구교수, 서울대학교 아시아연구소 공동연구원
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2025. pp. 320-353
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Abstract

The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) area has symbolized the division of the Korean Peninsula and served as a military buffer zone between North and South Korea for over 70 years since the signing of the Armistice Agreement in 1953. Paradoxically, it is also a connecting space of biodiversity and rich ecosystem services, as its heavily fortified status has restricted human access for decades. The DMZ area represents a social-ecological system (SES) where political ideologies, military conflicts, socio- economic factors, historical and cultural significance, and ecological values are intricately intertwined, exhibiting characteristics of common-pool resources (CPRs). This study applies Social-Ecological Systems Framework to analyze the interactions among the key components of the DMZ area and explore strategies for spatial sustainability. The research area was symmetrically defined around the Military Demarcation Line (MDL), encompassing the DMZ, the restricted civilian access zones, and the border areas of both North and South Korea, adopting a multi-scale perspective. The findings emphasize the need to expand spatial spectrum, systems thinking regarding the dynamic interactions between social and ecological components and to adopt a multi-layered network perspective for spatial sustainability. Furthermore, to effectively implement the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the DMZ area, it is essential to establish adaptive meta-governance and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) from a social-ecological systems perspective, expanding Ostrom’s design principles for sustainable common-pool resources management. Future case studies applying the social- ecological systems framework will significantly contribute not only to enhancing spatial sustainability in various regions of Korea but also to advanding the metamorphosis of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.

Keywords
Demilitarized Zone
Common-pool resources
Spatial spectrum
Social- ecological systems framework
Spatial sustainability
Adaptive meta-governance
Other effective area-based conservation measures

DMZ 일원은 1953년 정전협정 이후 70여 년간 한반도의 분단과 남북한의 군사적 완충지대를 상징하는 분열과 단절의 공간이다. 그러나 역설적으로 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 중무장된 상태로 인간의 간섭이 제한된 생물다양성과 풍부한 생태계서비스를 제공하는 연결의 공간이다. 더욱이 DMZ 일원은 남북한의 상이한 정치적 이념, 군사적 분쟁뿐만 아니라 사회･경제적 요인, 역사･문화적 중요성, 그리고 생태적 가치가 중첩된 대표적인 사회-생태 시스템이며 공유자원의 특성을 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 사회-생태 시스템 프레임워크를 적용하여 DMZ 일원의 주요 구성요소 간 상호작용을 분석하고 공간적 지속가능성을 제고하기 위한 방안을 모색하였다. 연구지역은 군사분계선을 중심으로 남북한의 DMZ, 남한의 민통선지역 및 북한의 여행제한지역, 그리고 남북한의 접경지역으로 설정되어 수평적인 다중스케일 관점에서 고찰하였다. 연구결과는 사회-생태시스템의 구성요소 간 역동적인 상호작용에 대한 공간적 스펙트럼과 시스템 사고, 그리고 공간적 지속가능성을 위한 다층적인 네트워크의 확립을 강조한다. 아울러 DMZ 일원에서 유엔의 지속가능발전목표를 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서 오스트롬의 지속가능한 공유자원의 디자인 원리를 확장하는 사회-생태 시스템 관점의 적응적 메타거버넌스 체계 구축 및 역내 상생지역 수립이 필수적이다. 향후 사회-생태 시스템 프레임워크를 적용한 다양한 사례와 성과는 우리나라 각 지역의 공간적 지속가능성 제고뿐만 아니라 지속가능발전목표의 메타모포시스와 진전에 크게 기여할 것이다.

키워드
DMZ
공유자원
공간적 스펙트럼
사회-생태 시스템 프레임워크
공간적 지속가능성
적응적 메타거버넌스
상생지역
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geographical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지리학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한지리학회지
  • Volume : 60
  • No :3
  • Pages :320-353
  • Received Date : 2025-05-15
  • Revised Date : 2025-06-01
  • Accepted Date : 2025-06-03
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22776/kgs.2025.60.3.320
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