Journal of the Korean Geographical Society ISSN:1225-6633(Print) 대한지리학회지

Existing studies on ‘The Agreement Concerning Gando’(1909) did not examine the annexed map. This paper reexamined the articles and newly analysed the annexed map of the Agreement, thereby confirming the boundary of Gando, the flow path of Seokeulsu stream, and the Korea-China border as stated by the Agreement. Accordingly, “Mushulinhe stream - Tumen･Sunghua water divide - Tume n･Mudan water divide - Gaya river main stream - Gaya･Tumen confluence - Tumen river main stream - Mushulinhe stream” becomes the contemporary boundary of Gando. Seokeulsu stream indicated in the annexed map of the Agreement corresponds to Hongtosansu(Hongtosu) stream of the Jeonghae(1887) border investigation map, and Hongtosu stream corresponds to contemporary Yakryuha(Yueliuhe) stream. In the annexed map of the Agreement, the border between Korea and China runs along “Baekdusanjeonggyebi stele - Tumen･Sunghua water divide - Seokeulsu stream - Tumen river.” Such border in contemporary map runs along “Yalu river - Baekdusanjeonggyebi stele - Yalu･Sunghua water divide - Daeyeonjibong peak - Tumen･Sunghua water divide - Mushulinhe stream(a tributary of Hongtosu stream) - Hongtosu stream - Tumen river.” This concept of the boundary of Gando and the Korea-China border originated from Song Jiaoren’s book and map(1908). In Japan, maps that mark the upper streams of the Tumen river, which was first shown in the annexed map, have consistently been reproduced. However, maps made in China have shown a strong tendency to deny the Agreement.