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Research Article

Toponym and Landscape Identity of Kras in Slovenia: Including the Origins of the Place Name and the Academic Term ‘Karst’

슬로베니아 크라스(Kras) 지방의 지명 및 경관 정체성 - ‘카르스트’ 지명 및 학술용어의 유래를 포함하여 -

Khan Yong Leea*
이 간용a*
aProfessor, Department of Social Studies, Gongju National University of Education
a공주교육대학교 사회과교육과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2022. pp. 463-477
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Abstract

‘K(k)arst’ is one of the relatively familiar geographical terms not only for geography researchers, but also for students and the general public. This K(k)arst is closely related to the Kras in southwestern Slovenia. Unlike what is known in Korea so far, K(k)arst is not a German expression of ‘Kras’, but is derived from ‘Carsus’, the old name of Kras, which was Latinized in Roman times. Carsus has its origins in the Pre-Indo-European root ‘kar(r)a/gar(r)-’, meaning stone. From this Carsus, Italian ‘Carso’, Slovenian ‘Kras’, and German ‘Karst’ are derived according to the phonemic changes of each country. Karst, which was a proper noun, acquired status as an international academic term in the late 19th century. It is closely related to the fact that almost all travel reports and treatises on Kras were published in German from that time and before that time. Today, in Slovenia, many academic and regional activities are active to realize the toponym identity of Kras. And Kras’ traditional landscape identity as a ‘gray stony barren land(kraška gmajna)’ was shaped throughout the 17-19th centuries. However, from the end of the 18th century onwards, along with the removal of surface rocks due to arable land reclamation, changes in vegetation due to the creation of artificial forests and the increase of natural forests have been occurring since the 20th century. Accordingly, the traditional landscape identity for Kras is difficult to exist any longer. Today, Kras is not a gray wasteland, but a ‘green forest’.

Keywords
Kras
K(k)arst
toponym identity
landscape identity

‘카르스트’는 지리 관련 연구자뿐만 아니라, 학생과 일반인들에게도 비교적 친숙한 지리 용어의 하나이다. 이 카르스트는 바로 슬로베니아 남서부에 위치한 크라스(Kras) 지방과 관련이 깊다. 지금까지 국내에 알려진 것과는 달리 카르스트는 ‘Kras’의 독일식 표현이 아니라, 로마 시대 라틴어화한 Kras의 옛 지명인 ‘Carsus’로부터 유래하였으며, 이는 돌을 의미하는 선(先) 인도-유럽어 어근 ‘kar(r)a/gar(r)-’에 그 기원을 두고 있다. 이 Carsus로부터 각국의 음운변천에 따라 이탈리아어 ‘Carso’, 슬로베니아어 ‘Kras’, 독일어 ‘Karst’가 파생된 것이다. 고유명사였던 Karst는 19세기 후반에 이르러 국제적인 학술용어로서의 지위를 획득한다. 당시를 포함하여 그 이전 시기부터 크라스 지방에 대한 거의 모든 여행기나 논문이 독일어로 출판된 것과 관계가 깊다. 오늘날 슬로베니아에서는 ‘Kras’의 지명 정체성을 구현하려는 여러 학술적, 지역적 활동이 활발하다. 그리고 ‘회색 돌투성이의 황무지(kraška gmajna)’라는 크라스 지방에 대한 전통적인 경관 정체성은 17-19세기에 걸쳐 형성되었다. 그렇지만 18세기 말 이후부터 경지 개간에 따른 지표 암석의 제거, 20세기 이후부터 인공림 조성과 자연림 증대에 따른 식생의 변화 현상이 나타나고 있다. 이에 따라 크라스 지방에 대한 전통적인 경관 정체성은 더 이상 존립하기 어렵다. 오늘날 크라스 지방은 회색의 황무지가 아니라, ‘녹색의 산림지’로 변모하고 있다.

키워드
크라스
카르스트
지명 정체성
경관 정체성
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geographical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지리학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한지리학회지
  • Volume : 57
  • No :5
  • Pages :463-477
  • Received Date : 2022-10-01
  • Revised Date : 2022-10-19
  • Accepted Date : 2022-10-21
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22776/kgs.2022.57.5.463
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