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Research Article

Holocene Climate Change in the Korean Peninsula and the Rise and Fall of Ancient Societies

한반도의 홀로세 기후변화와 선사시대 사회 변동

Jungjae Parka*
박 정재a*
aProfessor, Department of Geography & Adjunct Researcher, The Institute for Korean Regional Studies, Seoul National University
a서울대학교 지리학과 교수 & 국토문제연구소 겸무연구원
*Corresponding Author
30 April 2021. pp. 215-229
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Abstract

A number of high-resolution paleoclimate proxy data have been produced during the last decades. Thus there are increasing attempts to link climate change with the rise and fall of ancient societies around the world. Very recently, new Holocene climate proxy records were reported from Gwangyang and Miryang in southern Korea. These two proxy data both indicate that past societies on the peninsula were periodically influenced by rapid cooling/drying events arising from SST decrease in western tropical Pacific. The climate deteriorations around 2800-2700 BP and 2400-2300 BP may have led to the decline and southern diffusion of the Songguk-ri culture. Not only the Korean Peninsula, but also the Liao River Basin in northeast China were greatly affected by mid-to late Holocene climate variation. The 500-year cycle of abrupt climate change may have periodically caused social turmoil throughout Northeast Asia.

Keywords
Holocene
climate change
Korean Peninsula
ancient societies
Songguk-ri cuture
Liao River basin

21세기 들어 연대가 정확한 고해상의 고기후 프록시들이 다수 생산되면서 전세계적으로 기후변화와 과거 사회의 성쇠를 연결하려는 시도가 늘고 있다. 최근 광양과 밀양에서 홀로세 전체의 기후 변화를 보여주는 퇴적물 분석 결과가 보고되었다. 지금까지 우리나라에서 홀로세 전 기간의 식생과 기후 변화를 보여주는 고환경 자료를 찾기 힘들었다는 점을 감안하면 의미가 적지 않다. 게다가 자료 상에서 한반도 과거 사회의 성쇠와 기후변화 간의 관계도 드러나고 있어 논의할 만한 가치가 있다. 광양과 밀양의 자료들은 저위도 서태평양의 해수면 온도 변화로부터 비롯된 단기 한랭기가 한반도에 주기적으로 도래하였고 당시의 기후변화가 선사/고대 사회에 지대한 영향을 미쳤음을 잘 보여준다. 특히 2800-2700년 전과 2400-2300년 전에 발생했던 두차례의 기후 악화는 송국리형 문화의 쇠락과 남부 확산을 불러온 것으로 추정된다. 한반도뿐 아니라 중국 요하 유역의 선사/고대 사회 또한 홀로세 후기의 기후변화에 많은 영향을 받았다. 홀로세 후기에 대략 500년 주기로 발생한 기후 변화는 동북아시아 전역에서 사회적 혼란을 야기했던 것으로 보인다.

키워드
홀로세
기후변화
한반도
과거 사회
송국리형 문화
요하 유역
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geographical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지리학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한지리학회지
  • Volume : 56
  • No :2
  • Pages :215-229
  • Received Date : 2021-03-08
  • Revised Date : 2021-03-25
  • Accepted Date : 2021-03-26
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22776/kgs.2021.56.2.215
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