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Research Article

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Land Change and the Effects on Ecosystem Service Values in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) between the 1980s to the 2000s

우리나라 생태계서비스 가치의 시공간 변화 및 특성 - 1980년대 말부터 2000년대 말 사이의 토지변화를 중심으로 -

Hoonchong Yi1*
이 훈종1*
1Research Professor, Institute for Geographic Information Science, Chonnam National University; Visiting Scholar, Institute for Korean Regional Studies, Seoul National University
1전남대학교 지리정보과학연구소 연구교수; 서울대학교 국토문제연구소 객원연구원
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2021. pp. 675-704
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Abstract

Ecosystem services valuation is an integrative and comprehensive research area, known as an emerging field of consilience in Ecological Geography, Urban Ecology, Environmental Geography, and Engineering Science for the sustainable use of natural capital and the restoration of biodiversity worldwide. This paper presents the first-ever national mapping for the changes in spatial and temporal ecosystem service values (ESVs) in the Republic of Korea in terms of the multiscalar and comparative analyses. The results indicate that the ESVs per annum decreased from $6,992 million (KRW 8,390.4×109) to $6,172 million (KRW 7,406.4×109) between the 1980s and 2010s using the global value coefficients. Overall, the ESVs decreased by 11.7% at the national scale with distinctive regional changes. Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) indicates that spatial autocorrelation is statistically significant in terms of global Moran’s I (p<0.01). Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) indicate the hot spots for the ecological axis along the southwestern coast and Baekdudaegan region of the Republic of Korea (p<0.05). Importantly, time series analysis reveals that the ESVs decreased by 25.6%, 9.1% in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and the non-SMA, respectively, indicating the increasing fragmentation with coupled social-ecological divide (SED) in the SMA and ecological dual structure (EDS). The findings highlight that mapping ecosystem service values is essential for sustainable natural capital and ecological restoration. Furthermore, these findings suggest that ecosystem services valuation, land change monitoring, and modeling contribute to implementing urban, coastal, wetland ecosystems restoration. In addition, the results contribute to the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (Post-2020 GBF) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals in line with the Balanced National Development Strategy to inform policy and practice in and around the Republic of Korea.

Keywords
ecosystem services
ecosystem services valuation map
social-ecological divide
ecological dual structure
Ecological Geography
Urban Ecology
sustainability transitions

자연자본으로부터 얻는 다양한 혜택의 지속가능한 이용과 생물다양성 회복을 위해 생태계서비스 가치평가 연구가 생태지리학, 도시생태학, 환경지리학, 공학기술 등이 통섭되어 융합적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이 논문은 국내 학술연구로서는 최초로 우리나라 전역을 대상으로 생태계서비스의 경제적 가치를 지도화하고 다중스케일 관점에서 시공간 변화를 분석하였다. 우리나라 생태계서비스 가치는 1980년대 말 연간 $6.992×109(KRW 8,390.4×109)에서 2000년대 말 연간 $6.172×109(KRW 7,406.4×109)으로 감소하였다. 국가수준의 생태계서비스 가치는 11.7% 감소하였고, 경로의존성을 가진 지역별 변화율의 차이가 국토 공간상에서 차별적으로 나타났다. 탐색적 공간데이터 분석에서 자기상관적 속성을 가진 생태계서비스 가치의 불균등한 공간분포가 글로벌 모란지수로 나타났으며(p<0.01), 클러스터 분석에서 백두대간과 서·남해 연안 생태축의 높은 경제적 가치가 시계열상에서 유의미하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 시계열 생태계서비스 가치는 수도권과 비수도권에서 각각 25.6%, 9.1% 감소하였고 수도권의 파편화와 사회-생태시스템의 균열 및 격차는 국토공간의 생태적 이중구조화를 심화시키고 있다. 연구결과는 훼손된 우리나라 생태계 복원과 생태계서비스의 지속가능한 이용을 위해 토지변화 모니터링 및 모델링과 함께 생태계서비스 가치평가, 생태계서비스 가치평가지도 연구 및 활용이 필수적이라는 것을 강조한다. 향후 생태계서비스 가치평가 및 지도화는 자연자본 기반의 통합적이고 적응적인 관리를 위한 과학적 의사결정 과정에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 국토공간의 균형발전, post-2020글로벌 생물다양성 프레임워크 수립 및 이행, 유엔 지속가능발전목표 달성에 공헌할 것이다.

키워드
생태계서비스
생태계서비스 가치평가지도
사회-생태시스템 균열 및 격차
생태적 이중구조
생태지리학
도시생태학
지속가능성 전환
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Geographical Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지리학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한지리학회지
  • Volume : 56
  • No :6
  • Pages :675-704
  • Received Date : 2021-11-10
  • Revised Date : 2021-12-13
  • Accepted Date : 2021-12-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22776/kgs.2021.56.6.675
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